Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a framework of policies and technologies ensuring that the right individuals access the appropriate resources at the right times for the right reasons. It is crucial in cybersecurity as it helps prevent unauthorized access, reduces the risk of data breaches, and ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. By managing user identities, roles, and permissions, IAM enhances security while streamlining access processes, making it a cornerstone of modern IT security strategies.

Authentication verifies a user's identity, typically through credentials like passwords, biometrics, or multi-factor authentication. Authorization, on the other hand, determines what resources or actions the authenticated user can access based on predefined roles or policies. While authentication ensures the user is who they claim to be, authorization controls their level of access, ensuring they only interact with systems or data relevant to their role, thereby maintaining security and compliance.

In such a scenario, I would first identify the user's current access levels through the IAM system. Then, I would revoke their permissions by disabling their account or removing their role assignments. Simultaneously, I would investigate the reason for revocation, such as a security incident or role change, and document the action. Finally, I would ensure the change is communicated to relevant stakeholders and monitor for any unauthorized access attempts to maintain security.

An IAM system typically includes user directories, authentication mechanisms, authorization policies, and auditing tools. User directories store identity data, while authentication mechanisms verify user identities. Authorization policies define access levels based on roles or attributes, and auditing tools track access activities for compliance and security monitoring. These components work together to ensure secure, efficient, and compliant access management by verifying identities, enforcing access controls, and providing visibility into user activities.

To ensure compliance, I implement role-based access controls (RBAC) and least privilege principles to limit access to sensitive data. I also enforce strong authentication methods and maintain detailed audit logs to track access and changes. Regular reviews of access policies and user permissions are conducted to align with regulatory standards. Additionally, I collaborate with legal and compliance teams to stay updated on requirements and ensure the IAM system adheres to all relevant regulations.