When designing application architectures, I prioritize scalability and efficiency by first understanding the business requirements and expected growth. I leverage cloud services and microservices architecture to ensure modularity and ease of scaling specific components. I also focus on using caching strategies and optimizing database queries to enhance performance. Additionally, I ensure that the architecture is flexible enough to accommodate future changes and integrations without significant rework.

I ensure alignment with business goals by engaging in regular discussions with stakeholders to understand their priorities and objectives. This involves translating technical requirements into business terms and vice versa. I also conduct feasibility studies and cost-benefit analyses to ensure that the proposed architecture not only meets technical standards but also delivers value and ROI. By keeping the business perspective at the forefront, I design architectures that support long-term business strategies.

Managing technical debt involves proactive planning and disciplined execution. I prioritize tasks based on their impact on the system's health and performance, dedicating time for refactoring and optimization. I also advocate for clear documentation and code reviews to maintain quality. By setting up automated testing and continuous integration, I ensure that new changes do not exacerbate existing issues. Regularly reviewing and updating the architecture helps in keeping it aligned with current best practices and technologies.

Effective cross-functional collaboration is key to successful project outcomes. I foster collaboration by establishing clear communication channels and regular sync-ups with all team members, regardless of their role. I encourage open dialogue and value diverse perspectives, which helps in problem-solving and innovation. By setting up collaborative tools and platforms, I ensure that everyone has access to the necessary information and can contribute effectively. Empathy and respect for different roles and expertise are also crucial in maintaining a positive team dynamic.

One challenging problem I faced was integrating a legacy system with a new cloud-based application. I approached this by first conducting a thorough analysis of both systems to identify compatibility issues. I then designed a middleware solution that acted as a bridge, translating data formats and protocols between the two systems. This involved extensive testing and iterative improvements to ensure seamless integration without disrupting existing functionalities. The solution was successful in modernizing the system while preserving its core functionalities.